Sleeping Pad

How to choose a backpacking sleeping pad

Over the years I’ve tried lots of different sleep systems, inflatable pads, rigid camp cots, foam pads and just rolling out my sleeping bag on the floor of my tent (never again!) Don't get me wrong, every now and then you come across that perfect tent pitch with a cloud like layer of fresh growth grass that's gonna wrap its arms around you in a warm embrace. But more likely is a barren hard-pan of fist sized rocks, gnarled old tree roots, or a blanket of pine needles just aching to make holes in your gear.

A good night’s sleep is essential for any backpacking trip, and choosing a quality sleeping pad plays a key role in providing comfort, insulation and protection from the cold ground. Choosing the right sleeping pad involves understanding various factors such as R-value, the pros and cons of the different types of sleeping pads, and when it might be appropriate to use a combination of pads.

"A thin layer of foam between you and the ground can mean the difference between a restful night and a miserable one. Don’t underestimate your sleeping pad."

— Ray Jardine, pioneer of lightweight backpacking

Understanding R-Value: The Key to Insulation

The R-value is a measure of a sleeping mat’s ability to resist heat loss to the ground. It’s a crucial factor because the ground can sap warmth from your body as you sleep, making it hard to stay warm even in mild conditions.

How R-Value Works

Higher R-Value = Better Insulation: The R-value ranges from 1 to 10, with higher numbers indicating better insulation. For example, a mat with an R-value of 1.0 is suitable for warm summer nights, while a mat with an R-value of 5.0 or higher is designed for cold winter conditions.
Seasonal R-Values:
- Summer (1-2): A lower R-value is sufficient for warm weather camping.
- Three-Season (2-4): An R-value in this range is ideal for spring, summer, and fall trips.
- Winter (5+): For winter camping, a higher R-value is necessary to prevent heat loss in cold conditions.
Stacking Mats: If one mat doesn’t provide enough insulation, you can stack two mats to increase the overall R-value. For instance, using a closed-cell foam mat with an R-value of 2.0 under an inflatable mat with an R-value of 3.0 will give you a combined R-value of 5.0.

"Your sleeping pad is more than just comfort—it's insulation from the cold ground. Choose wisely, because a good night's sleep fuels the next day's adventure."

— Heather "Anish" Anderson, record-holding thru-hiker

Types of Sleeping Mats: Closed-Cell Foam vs. Inflatable

Sleeping mats come in two main types: closed-cell foam mats and inflatable mats, there are pro’s and con’s to both types. While using both may not always be necessary I find that a combination of both provides me with an ideal sleeping pad solution that ticks all the boxes I need it to.

Closed-Cell Foam Mats

Closed-cell foam mats are made from dense foam filled with tiny, closed air cells. They are simple, reliable, and affordable, making them a popular choice for many backpackers.

Pros:

Durability: These mats are tough and can withstand rough ground, sharp objects, and general wear and tear without losing functionality. Foam pads provide good protection for everything on top of them, whether it be an inflatable sleeping pad, your sleeping bag, or your back.
Lightweight and Simple: Foam mats are usually very light and require no inflation, making them easy to use and pack. There is little that can go wrong with a foam pad, short of completely disintegrating a foam pad will provide comfort and insulation for many years.
Affordable: They are typically less expensive than inflatable mats, making them a good budget option.
Insulation When Wet: Foam mats provide insulation even when wet, making them useful in damp conditions.

Cons:

Less Comfortable: Foam mats are generally thinner and less cushioned, which can be uncomfortable on uneven or hard ground. Obviously thicker options are available its just a question of thickness vs the weight and bulk of the pad.
Bulkier: They don’t compress well and are often strapped to the outside of a backpack, making them cumbersome to carry.

When to Use: Closed-cell foam mats are great for ultralight backpacking, as an emergency backup, as a durable and reliable option for rough terrain or for extra protection and warmth underneath your Inflatable mat.

"You can push your body to its limits all day, but without a good sleeping pad, you’ll feel it tenfold the next morning."

— Jennifer Pharr Davis, record-setting Appalachian Trail thru-hiker

Inflatable Mats

Inflatable mats offer more comfort and insulation but require more care and maintenance. Inflatable pads are possibly the most delicate thing you would take out into the wilderness with you, although in general use they are quite durable there are certain situations which will easily put an end to your inflatable pad.

Pros:

Comfort: These mats can be inflated to varying degrees, allowing for adjustable firmness and more cushion than foam mats.
Compact and Lightweight: When deflated, inflatable mats pack down small, making them easy to fit inside a backpack.
High Insulation: Many inflatable mats have a high R-value, making them suitable for cold weather camping.

Cons:

Vulnerability to Punctures: Inflatable mats can be punctured or damaged, potentially leaving you without insulation if not repaired.
Inflation Required: You need to inflate the mat, which can be time-consuming and requires effort, especially at higher altitudes.
Higher Cost: Inflatable mats are usually more expensive than foam mats.

When to Use: Inflatable mats are ideal for those seeking maximum comfort and insulation, especially in cold conditions or when pack space is a priority. I especially like to use an inflatable pad on top of my closed cell foam pad.

"A restful night on a proper sleeping pad can be the difference between an enjoyable hike and an exhausting struggle."

— Shawn Forry, experienced winter thru-hiker and the first person to complete the Pacific Crest Trail in winter

Using Both Types of Mats Together

In certain situations, using both a closed-cell foam mat and an inflatable mat together can provide additional benefits.

Why Use Both?

Increased R-Value: Stacking a foam mat underneath an inflatable mat can significantly boost insulation, which is crucial in extremely cold conditions.
Added Comfort and Protection: The foam mat adds an extra layer of cushioning and protects the inflatable mat from sharp objects that could cause punctures.
Emergency Backup: If your inflatable mat fails, you’ll still have the foam mat to rely on for some insulation and padding.

When to Use Both: This combination is particularly useful for winter camping, high-altitude treks, or when you need a backup in case of equipment failure.

"A quality sleeping pad is as important as your boots—don't skimp on it. A tired body needs recovery, and that starts with a good sleep."

— Chris Townsend, renowned outdoor writer and long-distance hiker